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Heat sources for the heat pump

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Does the heat pump in the iD.4 use heat from the battery and motors or just from outside air?
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Does the heat pump in the iD.4 use heat from the battery and motors or just from outside air?
Outside air.
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My 2019 e-Golf SEL Premium had a heat pump. I was always under the impression that it could scavenge some small amount of waste heat from the drive motor and other sources. This report confirms that.


"The e-Golf SEL Premium model we have employs a heat-pump setup. While it helps with cooling as well, it has the larger impact on heating, where it helps recover heat from the ambient air and waste heat from the battery pack and drivetrain components."

Does the ID.4 heat pump not scavenge any waste heat at all? EDIT: Or is that description of the e-Golf heat pump system's ability to scavenge waste heat incorrect?
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Does the ID.4 heat pump not scavenge any waste heat at all?
Yes it gets waste heat and uses it to heat the battery when cold. See the NHTSA docs for diagrams and description of how it works:
Interesting to see the actual temps for BMS:
< 46°F: heating by the Z132 Heating Element (PTC)
95°F (in vehicle operation): cooling by the heat exchanger for heat condenser (AC)
86°F (during charging): cooling by the heat exchanger for heat condenser (AC)
At a temperature of 59°F (15°C) or higher the thermostat opens, allowing battery coolant to flow to the radiator (passive cooling).
The mixing valve is used to integrate the battery into the low-temperature circuit, which is a great efficiency feature since it allows the battery+motor+electronics excess heat to be used to warm the battery, if needed, saving the 5.5kw that the battery heater can draw.
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Not relevant to the thread, but I REALLY wish I’d kept that e-Golf. Only had it for a year but it was the perfect urban EV. Never had a single problem or complaint. It was a very impressive first effort from VW. :cry:
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Not relevant to the thread, but I REALLY wish I’d kept that e-Golf. Only had it for a year but it was the perfect urban EV. Never had a single problem or complaint. It was a very impressive first effort from VW. :cry:
We still have our 2018 SEL Premium. It's awesome in pretty much every way, except for long road tripping. So fun to drive. Rock-solid reliable as well.
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We still have our 2018 SEL Premium. It's awesome in pretty much every way, except for long road tripping. So fun to drive. Rock-solid reliable as well.
Exactly. Not really suitable for road trips, but great in most other respects. I have read accounts of road trips in an e-Golf though. It can be done, but you better be really good at planning your stops, and not be in any hurry to reach your destination. :)
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Exactly. Not really suitable for road trips, but great in most other respects. I have read accounts of road trips in an e-Golf though. It can be done, but you better be really good at planning your stops, and not be in any hurry to reach your destination. :)
Before we got the ID.4, we did a few mini road trips from the Boston area around New England, no more than 250 miles in a day. But you’re correct: it took planning, and you can’t be in a hurry.

I think it taught me what to expect with road tripping in an EV, and got us out of the “ICE mind” road trip mentality, to chill out and relax when road tripping. The ID.4 seems so much easier now in comparison.
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Does the heat pump in the iD.4 use heat from the battery and motors or just from outside air?
A heat pump is AC working in reverse. It's an air-source heat pump.
Not relevant to the thread, but I REALLY wish I’d kept that e-Golf. Only had it for a year but it was the perfect urban EV. Never had a single problem or complaint. It was a very impressive first effort from VW. :cry:
We still have our 2018 SEL Premium. It's awesome in pretty much every way, except for long road tripping. So fun to drive. Rock-solid reliable as well.
Count me as one still missing my '16 e-Golf SE (no heat pump). Only one warranty repair was the horn shorted out, the backup camera wouldn't activate randomly but it was not easily reproducible so I just dealt with it. I traded it with either 68k or 70k miles and it was still solid and looked and drove like a new car. I have seen it roaming around about ½ dozen times (it has a very distinctive Wolfsburg crest decorative front plate that was not removed after I traded it) as new owner must live in a nearby neighborhood, I smile every time I see it knowing it was a very good car to me for ~3 years and hoping its treating its new owner just as well. Now the bad that made me trade - winter range was abysmal (maybe 40-45 miles) because of no heat pump and the smaller 2015-2016 battery.
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Count me as one still missing my '16 e-Golf SE (no heat pump). Only one warranty repair was the horn shorted out, the backup camera wouldn't activate randomly but it was not easily reproducible so I just dealt with it. I traded it with either 68k or 70k miles and it was still solid and looked and drove like a new car. I have seen it roaming around about ½ dozen times (it has a very distinctive Wolfsburg crest decorative front plate that was not removed after I traded it) as new owner must live in a nearby neighborhood, I smile every time I see it knowing it was a very good car to me for ~3 years and hoping its treating its new owner just as well. Now the bad that made me trade - winter range was abysmal (maybe 40-45 miles) because of no heat pump and the smaller 2015-2016 battery.
40-45 miles? Ouch! Our 2018 e-Golf with the bigger battery and heat pump still has a winter range when temps are in the teens and twenties above 100 miles (EPA range with the bigger battery is 125~ miles). In real world moderate/summer temps with local driving it's more like 150-160 miles — it's a champion coaster when in D mode for sure, and we almost always see 5+ miles per kWh in non-winter, local driving. I've even seen it go as high as 6 miles/kWh in optimal conditions. If they made an MEB version of the e-Golf with heat pump and double the range of the original, it'd be a no-brainer for us. Would be even better if it was a station wagon variant.
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40-45 miles? Ouch! Our 2018 e-Golf with the bigger battery and heat pump still has a winter range when temps are in the teens and twenties above 100 miles (EPA range with the bigger battery is 125~ miles). In real world moderate/summer temps with local driving it's more like 150-160 miles — it's a champion coaster when in D mode for sure, and we almost always see 5+ miles per kWh in non-winter, local driving. I've even seen it go as high as 6 miles/kWh in optimal conditions. If they made an MEB version of the e-Golf with heat pump and double the range of the original, it'd be a no-brainer for us. Would be even better if it was a station wagon variant.
Yeah between degradation after 60k miles and the cold temps it was a super low range car. After ~60k miles of battery degradation it was at best a 70-75 mile max range car in optimal condition. It was only 83 mile range as new so definitely take that into consideration.

VW did quite well with the e-Golf. My optimal temp driving it took zero driving effort to get 4-4.2/mi per kwh. For a compliance car it really did quite well and never felt like a compliance car.
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A heat pump is AC working in reverse. It's an air-source heat pump.
But it could scavenge heat from the battery and electronics cooling loops if that's what the designers had wanted; it needn't be solely “air sourced”.
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All details of the HVAC system:

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But it could scavenge heat from the battery and electronics cooling loops if that's what the designers had wanted; it needn't be solely “air sourced”.
Yes, for a 2ndary supplementary heating. A new line, heat exchanger, and coolant pump (but is it possible to connect to an existing coolant pump?), have to be added. I think it would be too complex, bulky, and expensive.

But, no, to add to the A/C heat pump line. The A/C heat pump line carries refrigerant. VW decided to use the PTC heater as the secondary heating system. It can pre-heat the interior, HV battery etc., on cold mornings w/o having to drive the vehicle. It kills two birds with one stone solution.
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