The ID.4 onboard charger is capable of accepting up to 11000 watts of power (11kW). Wether or not your EVSE / circuit is capable of delivering that is another matter.
The supplied EVSE from VW can only deliver about 1200 watts (120 volts x 10 amps). It will not draw more power than this even if you put a TT-30 adapter plug on it.
Your theoretical question of the TT-30, can deliver 120 volts at 30 amps, assuming that the breaker and supply to the plug was correctly rated then you can safely pull 24 amps (80%) continuously through the EVSE or 2880 watts. This is well within the ID.4 capabilities of 11000 watts.
If you are looking to travel with the ID.4 and use RV hook-ups, then I recommend you look at after market portable EVSE that support 120/240 through various plugs. I like the Mustart TravelMaster Gen 2, it auto selects voltage and current based on the interchangeable plugs, e.g. TT-30, 14-50, 5-15, 6-20, 10-30, 6-50, 10-50.